Judith Wallerstein's longitudinal study of divorced children is based on a very small sample of white, upper middle class, California families and no control group BUT it has confirmed the basic belief that divorce is bad for kids, so it is difficult to argue that divorce can be either harmless or nfirms the bias that children of divorced parents are damaged goodsevidence to the contrary does not fit the public bias against divorce and gets little exposure2nd eg: selecting the most or least of anything creates a regression effectselecting the poorest peple to study the effects of an anti-poverty programselecting the lowest functioning mentally ill people to study the effects of a therapy programselecting chronic homeless to study the effects of a housing programMolidar selected incarcerated women in his qualitative study of female gang membersSUMMARY: unless your report addresses the problem of regression, it will be a biased report (Molidar does not address this)3rd eg: study dropouts (attrition effect)people who drop out may be the ones who needed it mostalternately, people also drop out when the program worksSUMMARY: unless your report addresses the problem of attrition or experimental mortality, it will be a biased report(2) measurement biasmeasurement bias exists when reseacher fails to contol for the effects of data collection and measuremente.g. RESEARCH BIASbias = unknown or unacknowledged error created during the design, measurement, sampling, procedure, or choice of problem studiedbias is so pervasive because we want to confirm our beliefsscience is organized around proving itself wrong not rightkey difference between qualitative and quantitative research isattempts to eliminate bias by quantitative researcherexplicit acknowledgement of bias by qualitative researchers(1) design biasresearch design bias is introduced NOT when the study fails to control for threats to internal and external validity BUT RATHERwhen the study fails to identify the validity problems ORwhen publicity about the research fails to incorporate the researchers cautionse.g. What do researchers use to reduce bias and error in measurement of data?

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